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įew recycling bins provide the function for consumers to recycle products without human assistance/interference to optimise the schedule and efficiency of waste collection. According to the survey conducted by the European Erasmus student project, more than 50% of consumers were concerned about electronic waste recycling, while they do not commit to recycling electronics because there is insufficient information on access to the e-waste collection point and a concomitant lack of awareness of the environmental problems related to the product. According to the findings of the European Commission DG Environmental Organization, most people did not attempt to recycle their end-of-life (EoL) electronic devices due to a lack of responsibility and awareness. However, only 35% of electronic wastes are collected and recycled per year, where 12–15% of mobile phones and tablets are properly recycled, lower than the recycling rate of general e-waste. Today, around 700 million electrical and electronic devices are idle in households in Europe if all these devices are collected and recycled, approximately 14,920 tons of gold, silver, copper, palladium, cobalt, and lithium would be recovered, worth more than 1 billion euros, which will make a large amount of secondary materials available for use. The system has been successfully validated via illustrating recycling, eco-shopping, and eco-incentives in public places (e.g., schools, urban cultural centres), as well as promoting the consumer’s participation in recycling and enhancing their environmental awareness, which proved the successful implementation of the novel contribution of this research. A case study is conducted, including online tracking of the recycling process and then implementing incentive activities with the eco-credits and eco-costs. To develop the recycling and eco-shopping system, multiple information-communication technologies are utilised, such as hardware digital monitoring/control, Internet-based communication services, traceability media (bar-code and QR code), user identity recognition and privacy protection, and multi-language supports. Both eco-costs and eco-credits are recorded in the consumer’s eco-account. The consumer is informed about the eco-costs through eco-shopping, which are displayed on a payment receipt.
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The eco-costs reflect the environmental impact of a product throughout its life cycle. Consumers are awarded the eco-credits, which can be used for various forms of eco-incentives, such as shopping discounts, tree planting donations, and exchanges for theatre and museum tickets. The recycling of EoL products is conducted based on information-communication technologies to remotely monitor and manage the recycled products (such as electronics or household bio-wastes), enabling consumers’ recycling process over the Internet. To incentivise consumers’ recycling/reusing behaviours and enhance their environmental awareness, a novel ICT-based system for recycling and eco-shopping has been developed in this paper. While barcodes remain an extremely affordable option for inventory tracking, QR codes are an increasingly attractive alternative with the ability to provide more information.Recently, there has been a growing effort to reduce the environmental impact of products throughout their life cycle, particularly during the end-of-life (EoL) stage. Any one just needs a smartphone or tablet with camera to view and scan the QR code entirely, providing all the information he or she would need. Mobile devices can be used as scanner these days. Recent days QR code become very popular with the development of mobile WMS. This means that a business can get a more precise understanding of their inventory overall and share these information with customers or tracker that points to a website or application. QR code is very useful and effective to track and share information as it can contain the condition of the product, when it was made, any repairs done, among other things. A QR code is an optical label that is machine-readable and contains information about the item to which it is attached. QR code was invented in 1994 by the Japanese automotive company named Denso Wave.
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QR(Quick Response) code is a type of two-dimensional barcode matrix barcode.